quantum computer quantum mechanics quantum physics yeah that’s a Quantum processor and inside are these actual physical cubits there’s many Quantum technologies that are actually here and now these ideas didn’t even exist not too long ago this is what’s possible now Peter okay we have quantum computers and Quantum sensors and Quantum security and what what is going on here underlying all this is quantum information science [Music] qis our world at a fundamental level is not the Newtonian world that we’re used to it’s not the bilall world that we used to at a fundamental level it is a Quantum World we’re the first human generation who can finally harness not just the world of bits and not just shaping furniture and stuff in the macro world but harnessing the ability to manipulate the atomic and Quantum World We Are that first
[00:01:03] generation great to see everyone wow this is not a conference this is a happening this is yes uh this is a community and a conversation about uh how the world’s changing and then importantly Jack something that you care deeply about how do we use these extraordinary Technologies to make the world a better place um but most importantly first Peter yes before we actually speak about Quantum one very important thing please for a gathering like this does everyone have a drink okay is it is there is the bar still open by the way we find that Quantum is more easily digested with a little alcohol so so you just closed $500 million as like your seed round I think that’s awesome that’s epic um and uh yeah let’s
[00:02:00] give it up for that thank you um God we go back a long way and uh I’m so I have I have no right to be this proud of you but I’m tremendously proud of you uh and we go back Peter to the very early days of xprize yes the early some early xprize was here here let’s hear for xprize xprize the look on Peter’s face many many years ago when when anusa Ansari and her family where’s Anusha the amazing Anusha there it is and her family stepped up and gave us enough money not for the prize but for the insurance for the prize ho in One Insurance ho in one insurance and and it happened just weeks before the expiration uh Bert ran and his team got up there to space and opened up the private space industry the vision of Peter um incredible so thank you Peter for opening
[00:03:02] up Peter to honor to honor your commitment and opening up space we prepared a number of very technical drawings based on you going to space so I want to show this now this is Peter diam montis playing golf on Mars now one of the sides is terraform Mars is already terraformed so that’s why we have no space suit and the other one I love how stable diffusion created a golf caddy uh bag that is itself also a space suit I think that is just fantastic and look at Peter’s form here on the right I mean just Flawless impeccable well it’s one3 gra it’s 38 gravity so it’s kind of tough um go ahead yeah so uh we had Eric Schmidt on stage with us last year yeah um and this was just around the time we were just about to spin out you were just just before spinning out just about to spin out from alphabet and um uh and Eric’s brilliant
[00:04:00] but uh and he’s an amazing Persona what’s it like to have Eric Schmidt as your chairman well we were very lucky um we started this uh inside alphabet and alphabet was an incredible partner and platform to build this out um first and foremost you have a lot of free sushi uh which fuels the team uh and seriousness uh Sarah gay and the entire team Astro incredible support from than 5 years in stealth inside alphabet building this out five six years ago Peter you you were inside of of alphabet yeah and specifically housed uh inside X the moonshop factory and we’ve had Astro uh yeah like three or four times over the years and I remember I’d meet you there right Astro was always on his rollerblades and be there I was like huh why is Jack here now I know and I I’d be able to say some kind of very general things about yes we’re working on some interesting things that’s about what we can say for 5 years and uh around 2020
[00:05:03] Eric was wrapping up first he was COO of course of Google and then chairman of Google and alphabet for another eight nine years and in 2020 he was ready to wrap that up and he came to Sergey myself and he said of all the things here at alphabet 150,000 people incredible projects there’s one I want to work on for the next decade of my life and that is sandbox that is this Fusion this convergence of AI and Quantum uh two twin engines that will change the world and we’re going to talk about that tonight and uh he said if you’ll have me uh you know I’ll join you guys and I thought about it for a few months no for a few seconds and uh and and Eric became part of the team and so when it was time to spin out uh we all discussed it and we realized this is the moment we needed to drive this growth faster and adoption faster and needed to bring this out to the world and Eric then took on the role of chairman and myself office CEO so one
[00:06:00] of our first things Peter one of the first orders of business of any chairman and CE is to go find uh an office space right that’s a typical thing that we do right San Francisco yeah I mean you know you look at PA walto you can look at a lot of great I just came from Austin another great tech center so we went scouting Austin any Austin here yes yes uh just was with Jay the president of UT Austin incredible tech center Brewing there and so any guesses where this location is uh and uh any guess any guesses so I’ll just give you a hint it’s the Sun is setting and rising at the same moment Alaska is one good guess Iceland another good guess little farther south Antarctica yes and so of course Eric and I had to go down there uh recently and check it out uh to scout for various things but in all seriousness Eric and I went down there with we brought actually 15 scientists that we curated from around the world Peter uh glaci I ologists whale
[00:07:00] scientists penguin scientists scientists who cover the gamut of the um not only the climate Sciences but all the biodiversity also and we’ll talk more about that in a little bit and we have a lot of workers down there whole a whole staff of people who are buttoned up and and dressed very very nicely down there and here um we brought a submarine down there research sub and uh this is one of the first expeditions to actually go underwater and be able to classify and we believe we had with us one of the foremost scientists uh who studies the southern ocean marine life we believe we may have actually discovered two new species on this Expedition and the whole aim of the Expedition with personalities and what not yeah the whole the whole aim of the expedition was to bring Ai and Quantum science to climate change to the climate science to the ice science to the biodiversity science you sent me a a WhatsApp from Antarctica yeah and I’m like I had no idea where down it’s like what are you going to search for cold for quantum computers or something
[00:08:02] so so we actually realize that um that we can actually accelerate the science of understanding what’s happening to our planet with both Ai and Quantum and hopefully we’ll have time today to go more into that but uh we did come to a really big Epiphany down there that indeed we can we can make this happen and the beauty of our planet is very evident down there this is a snow petrol flying by us and um just an incredible place if you want to take a time machine um back to 10 20 million years ago I asked the uh one of the scientists with us I said if we were here 10 million years ago if we were here standing on this rock the rock that we were standing on right there we don’t believe humans have stood on unfortunately uh ever before this was covered in ice just um a number of years ago and according to the records we the first expedition to have an icebreaker big enough to get in to this place and take recordings and data
[00:09:02] and so unfortunately um this this is a newly uncovered piece of land and what I asked a number of the scientists on on the trip I said because one of them said hey Penguins I said what’s the origin of those Penguins they said they split off and speciated 38 million years ago I said all right 38 million years ago these penguins the adeli the the chinstraps the gentos the three species that we were with right there in that near that land and I said if we were here 10 million years ago on this land right here near the penguin if we were here 20 million years ago what would we see if we took our sub down 10 million years ago and saw the marine life there what would we see and each one of them said you’d see exactly what you’re seeing right now except for the fact that obviously the ice looked quite different and so it’s amazing to kind of go back in time into a land Beyond into a place of Stillness Peter a place that is that captures what
[00:10:03] our planet was like for millions and millions of years and then to start to quantify using these new tools that we have now to understand the Dynamics of how we are impacting this planet so that was really an incredible uh Journey both in place but also in spirit and I encourage folks to go down there to experience this but also to contribute to the science we’ll talk later about how people can get involved those photos of uh Eric Schmidt there with his camera and so forth uh remind me I I I took uh Eric and Larry and Sergey on a trip to Russia Kazakhstan to see a soyu launch and uh it was uh it was extraordinary and he’s just with his camer is I just love his photography yeah so he’s been great to answer your question he’s been incredible support and you know the philosophy that we had both when we were inside alphabet and now outside is the moonshot thinking that we have you know so developed at xprize and at X and you
[00:11:01] know the moonshot thinkers in this audience everyone here is a moonshot thinker otherwise you wouldn’t be here right now everyone is here and have self- selected yourself to come here to say how can I take this kind of thinking but turn it into action right the folks I I see a lot of friends in the audience here the people here are doers and and that’s really what we need to make this impact yeah amazing um let’s talk about the the basic concepts right now that we’re going to be talking about you know everybody’s heard about quantum computers we’ve been talking about quantum computers for years uh the idea of like Quantum Supremacy was a was a term that was used along the way um and last year you started saying no it’s about Quantum Technologies uh that’s really what is hot and is going to drive revenue and immediate value can you take a second and walk us through the difference between quantum computers and Quantum
[00:12:00] Technologies yeah sure so I think most people here have heard about quantum computers you hear about in The Press there’s a lot of Buzz around that and uh and there should be some Buzz around that but that’s going to be a longer term impact to build these computers uh we have to have uh error correction every one of your phones right now that you’re holding every laptop that you have has error correction in it believe it or not these errors can come from a lot of different sources including muons uh from the cosmos can actually some errors in your computers and in most computers we can we can get away with having three bits for every one bit that we want to uh signify and so we kind of take a vote two out of three bits say it’s a one let’s go with a one in case there was an error in in one of the bits but in the case of quantum computers our ratio is a th to one a th physical cubits to one logical a fault tolerant Cubit and what is a cubit a cubit is a logical Computing unit of a quantum computer a Quantum bit or Cubit and
[00:13:02] there’s seven different ways uh to build these kind of quantum computers and they each have a completely different physic some are cryogenic some are super cold minus 200 uh or even colder uh and in one case you have to bring it down to 6 to S Melvin above absolute zero okay so it’s really really cold others are room temperature right and so there’s lots of different ways to build it you can use phot you can use ions you can use neutral atoms lots of different ways to build it but in general we we we’re on a quest as an industry to build these things we decided at sandbox Peter not to build one of these computers because we saw that there was a great ecosystem already building at we wanted to encourage this ecosystem instead we focus more on the application layer both on gpus the chips of today and qpu these Quantum processing units but beyond Quantum Computing Peter the big picture one of
[00:14:00] the big takeaways that I’d love to share with you all today is that there’s many Quantum technologies that are actually here and now MH they do not require error correction they do not require the fault tolerance that we’re talking about with Quantum Computing one of those examples is quantum sensing sensors that can detect magnetic fields around us this blew me away and and we’re going to talk about that today uh tonight and talk about how magnetic fields are all around us including those that emanate from our bodies um every time you have electricity electrons on the Move electricity you have a magnetic field Faraday taught us that in the 1800s and so there magnetic fields coming from our body any ideas from the audience about an example of magnetic field coming from an electric shock in your body that happens pretty often any ideas of an organ in your body that is producing a an electric shock pretty often about say 70 times a minute or 80 times a minut any ideas the heart right and so those
[00:15:02] pacemaker cells um are causing a contraction of that big muscle called the heart just another muscle and it contracts and squeezes and blood goes everywhere hopefully in the right places um and as that’s happening as that’s happening a magnetic field is also being produced orthogonal to electric field is the magnetic field and that magnetic field is something that we can finally now sense using Quantum sensors and so we’ll talk about what the implications are and then there’s another application um that really is global in nature and something that we did down in Antarctica with our Quantum sensor right down there on that trip just a number of weeks ago so um Quantum sensing Peter is something that’s here today we’re using it right now and that has not gotten the Press so it’s good everyone came to a360 because you’re get the information right here right now in terms of uh the the quantum sensors there’s also Quantum simulation and Quantum simulation is the kind of breakthrough technology we need for
[00:16:02] digital twins of drugs we’ll talk about that talk about that as well so uh the all these Technologies Quantum simulation Quantum sensing these are the kind of technologies that we do not need quantum computers for we do not need error correction for and so these are the technologies that we are focused on right now to drive your business well not to drive business but to drive impact right because you know our philosophy is your philosophy the same one is that when you drive impact for billions of people you will have a business right you will have a very robust Global business and our ambition is nothing short to be one of the most if not the most impactful company on this planet not the biggest company you don’t have to be the biggest company anymore in fact what we’re showing is that with smaller and smaller teams you can have bigger and bigger impact given the forcing factors you have with both Ai and Quantum so let’s rattle them off this Quantum computation we’ve talked
[00:17:00] about a little bit uh I want to hit one more thing there and then we’ll come back Quantum sensing uh Quantum Communications yes Quantum security Quantum encryption yep uh do you put quantum chemistry into this so quantum chemistry is that Quantum simulation it’s that digital twinning of a molecule of if we want to do battery chemistry for clean energy group Quantum medicine in that it’s all in there all in there yeah and so all that is happening right now now quantum computers as they rise up and we’re encouraging them and working with these teams around the world to make it happen how many Quantum companies are there you think out there there’s about four dozen really strong Quantum that’s about 50 by the way yeah about uh four dozen Quantum Computing companies out there uh they’ve gotten some good funding and most of them have spun out of really good Labs at universities uh we’re encouraging them I mentioned there’s seven different ways to build a quantum computer and here’s what’s great news the great news is is that we see a diversity of ideas out
[00:18:00] there we do not see group think what we know for example from the history of Technology the last 50 60 years look at the AI winter look what happened in 1969 in the first AI winter when a book was published perceptron that said ah this neural network idea not sure it has any legs right anyone know the author of that of that book percepton 1969 that killed off yep you got it and so that and the lighthouse report in the UK k um basically said hey neural networks cute idea brain inspired not going to scale let’s use reasoning and conditionals and if then statements that’s how we’re going to get artificial intelligence and of course that was not correct and there was a a few handful of people who believed still in the idea of distributed networked um ideas of of neural networks and those people went to the only country that was funding them Canada cifar Canadian Institute for advanced research and that’s why it’s not a coincidence that the folks who
[00:19:00] just got the touring award for being the Deans of neural networks right Jeff Hinton Yeshua Benjo Yan laon where they do all their work which country Canada yeah because that was the place where you can have a diversity of opinions and say there’s another way of doing machine learning and now we see and I think you’ve discussed it here yesterday about GPT and all the incredible things that we now see from that so it’s very important we’re watching very carefully in the quantum says Peter that we we stay on course in terms of having you know avoiding group think and having a large number of opinions across the across the board that’s critical to making sure that we don’t too early get into a rut that can lead to the kind of AI Winters we saw in such a key imagine if we had 25 years of extra research on AI where we’d be today we lost 25 years of work so we want to make sure we don’t repeat that again amazing um so why don’t we jump into
[00:20:02] some of these I want people to appreciate what becomes possible because what you’ve described to me seems uh magical uh do you want to start with Quantum sensing sure let’s start with Quantum sensing and I think one of the big themes Peter that I’d love to share with you all tonight is is the move from bits to bits and atoms and the tech sector I’d give us a pretty good grade for manipulating bits moving bits creating bits pattern recognition with bits right now with all the AI That’s uh and now generating new kinds of bits from other bits so in the bits column I’d say pretty good Tech sector but in the area of atoms the area that actually impacts our lives in a very deep way molecule to Medicine battery chemistry for electric vehicles for stationary storage of solar and wind material science for um new kinds of solar panels
[00:21:02] we we’re hitting a limit new catalysts new catalysts that do not depend on Rare Earth and so and so forth this area the actual world we physically live in this area I would give ourselves in the tech sector a failing grade because we haven’t done much if you look at the way that we develop and design drugs today compared to 10 20 years ago basically roughly the same same time same amount of money same kind of failure rate we’ll talk about in a minute but let’s talk about sensing now when we look at Medical Imaging I started my career at NIH combining physics and Neuroscience and AI bringing those disciplines together to help move forward a field of functional neuroimaging Imaging that was not just static but looking at a moving image of the brain because we went in and with the help of seaman and G and Phillips we opened up those machines and we tweak them so we can take images much faster with the physics inside and those are actually Quantum devices and so we
[00:22:01] haven’t seen a lot more diagnostic revolutions until now and so let me see if I can move on and so yeah so that’s the bits to bits and atoms something that we need to get to and I want to now get to sensing here let’s just jump right here okay here we go so a number of really really smart academics about 22 years ago Peter said hey we want to build these quantum computers we just talked about different ways of building them but the thing with quantum computers is that to keep them coherent to keep them in those states of superposition and entanglement these very very delicate states of the quantum world is very difficult if there’s a magnetic field around it’ll knock it off its pedestal and you have to restart that Cubit if there’s stray photons around you’ll have to restart that that Cubit so some enterprising academic said wait a second let’s turn that bug into a feature let’s say hey hey if it’s so sensitive to the outside world let’s
[00:23:01] stop calling it a cubeba let’s call it a sensor fantastic okay so they said all right we’re going to call it a sensor and what are some of the sensors they have I’ll give an example right here it’s a Quantum diamond we make these diamonds with our partners um there’s no mining of diamonds here we synthesize these and this is not the synthesis you’d imagine of taking some carbon and and crushing it at high pressures this is layer by layer the kind of way we we do techniques that we take from semiconductors and we create layers of carbon of course carbon is one of the primary constituents right and in the case of normal Diamonds the only constituent but here we dope in some nitrogen we actually keep a spacer so we have a vacancy and this nitrogen vacancy Center in Diamond an NV diamond is a Quantum system the electrons hanging out in that little center right there we can manipulate those electrons we can move them from a ground state to a higher state a Quantum
[00:24:00] State and again the thing to remember about Quantum what is this world of quantum the idea of quantize is that it’s discretize these electrons cannot exist anywhere between it’s like rungs of a ladder versus a ramp a ramp you can exist anywhere along that ramp but rungs of a ladder you’re either on this rung or the next rung and that’s what we have over here we have a Quantum system that says if we pop in some green light to give energy to those electrons we’ll move them from a ground state p will move them to an excited state yes and when we stop our green light and we let that those electrons come back down of course conservation of energy they’re going to have to give out energy they’re going to have to release photons and those are the red photons you see over here and we can measure with great Exquisite Precision those red photons and what does that tell us well what it tells us is the magnetic field the strength of magnetic field that that diamond is in or near and now we have a magnetometer a magnetic sensor such as
[00:25:01] we’ve never had on Earth before so with a level of precision how much so specifically if we have someone’s heart and let’s now go to heart we know that heart is the leading cause of death yes continues to be talking about that globally um particularly in uh Europe us uh we have tons of Statin tons of procedures tons of stance we still cannot seem to budget this and one of the things that’s holding us back when we interviewed cardiologist after cardiologist and the folks at Cleveland Clinic and the folks at the leading universities and medical centers we need better diagnostic tools how many times have we heard about somebody getting clean bill of health at you know their great concer medicine 3 four months later heart attack right why didn’t we detect it where what happened there EKG is not sufficient the tools we have today are not sufficient think about EKG so there’s leads on your chest picking up electricity now where did that come from so that
[00:26:00] came from the pacemaker cells in the heart which is not attached to the chest it’s not at the chest wall so it’s a very indirect measure and what we realize is we can actually build a box here is our lovely subject Stefan be our scientist um notice that his shirt is on and there’s no leads and there’s no wires because we’re picking up the magnetic field coming through his bone and tissue the magnetic field is not dissipated by that bone and tissue we’re getting the real activity directly from the heart and it turns out that back in the ’ 80s and 90s an early Quantum sensor know as a squid a superconducting Quantum interference device a squid a cryogenic device something has to be liquid cooled that you need a faraday cage you need a room the size of the stage and you need to protect it and shield it from the Earth’s magnetic field and then you have people come in and in Cleveland Clinic in Ohio they have one of these and it’s it turns out that you can tell a lot about the heart and that’s why Cleveland
[00:27:00] Clinic still uses it today a device that was made 20 30 years ago but that form factor does not allow us to democratize it to scale it to take it out to the world one of the reasons why we’re so committed to X prise and all the x prises that take Technologies and blow it out to the world is the same reason why we want to take this modality magnetocardiography mkg not just EKG but mkg and take it out in a for factory that’s room temperature that’s small that we can take to clinics in rural areas take to people all around the world uh and of course take to hospitals all across the US Europe and other countries and this allows us to do that in fact this is much bigger than we had to make it we took our initial designs to the hospital we showed them they said don’t make it that small we were going to make it the size of a Rubik’s Cube they said our doctors will not take it seriously for the size of Rubik’s Cube so can you put some air around it so 80% of that box near Stefan is air
[00:28:02] then they said Put it on Wheels cuz anything that’s wheeled around is taken very seriously if you wheel it around and it’s white it will be taken extremely [Laughter] seriously oh and so this device right now is at UCSF Hospital anyone wants to be a test clinical trials open join us we’re building up the data now and here’s the beautiful thing Peter we don’t have to prove its medical efficacy that’s already done by Cleveland Clinic by others using the previous generation of MCG but now all we have to show is that this form factor also adheres to that kind of thing and in fact already today the standard of care for fetal cardiac Diagnostics is magnetocardiography you can’t get an EKG lead into a womb and say how’s your heart doing Mr M fetus right and so what you can do though is
[00:29:02] again passively listen just listen to the heart magnetic field coming out there’s nothing emanating from our box already presented to the FDA and the FDA said we love this first principle Do no harm of medicine You Can Do no harm because nothing’s coming out of your box this is a device that is just listening and waiting for the heart to give it information is this a a spin out from sandbox a partner of sandbox no this is one of our this is one of our products yeah and so let me now talk about how the AI and Peter you and I have talked about this where do the AI come in to Quantum well this device is so sensitive way again the the name sandbox the A is for AI the Q is for Quantum is the convergence of these two technologies we had to have both and one of the reasons why this beautiful technology did not come to light until we got involved is that in the of the physics departments again brilliant that they turn this bug
[00:30:01] into a feature making sensors but look at let me see I don’t think I have a no okay if you just look in the upper left that’s the signal coming out of the quantum Diamond it’s too much information if Peter you’re standing just a few meters from the device with your iPhone you’re going to set that thing off you’re going to add to the noise of the device in fact our first version did not work our first version worked great in our lab we brought it over to the hospital failed completely what happened we were about 7even meters from the elevators of the hospital and the elevators go up and down and have an electromagnetic portion which was throwing off our design now we could kind of ml it out we said you know what let’s go back to the lab and actually redesign it we did we’re back in there now and we don’t have that interference but we have to build for noisy environments we don’t want to build for a room that has to be caged in with the farad cage right we want to democratize it bring it out so when you
[00:31:01] look at the upper left you’re like where is the heart signal and so it took us more than two years of additional ml work to bring it from the upper left to the right what you see there ml is machine learning just to make sure where we can find the actual heart signal and so this is a combination of hardware and physics and Quantum making these diamonds more pure more homogeneous when I showed you that one area of the nitrogen and the vacancy we don’t there’s not just one of those in there there’s a billion plus in one cubic millimeter a billion plus of those dopings that we put in in one cubic millimeter amazing and so this is exquisite technology that I’m really proud of the team having created but also the ml needed to go from complete noise to finding that heart signal and so this is what’s possible now Peter to bring this out and to to have this impact are you able to speak about the
[00:32:00] navigation station so so just to give a little secret okay just to give a little peek the heart you asked how sensitive is this this is 10 theus1 12 Tesla if you’ve been in an MRI machine everyone I’m sure here has you’ve been in something that’s either 1.5 Tesla 3 Tesla 7 Tesla maybe even if you felt you had any kind of metal and was pulling like this to the machine that’s like a 7 to n Tesla machine in research I used to use these machines and one time I had small little pieces of metal on my shoes and I almost lost my leg like this uh to the machine when it was turned on but um that’s 1 to n Tesla this is 10 to the -12 Tesla so point and then 11 zeros and a little one that’s how weak the magnetic field Tesla field yeah of the of the um of the heart is and if we want to do the brain then we have to even go even more sensitive and hopefully that’s coming soon so let’s now talk about
[00:33:00] navigation well what’s happening right now in in in Ukraine Russia is jamming the signal over Ukraine and it’s not just there the signal of of GPS right GPS if you want to go on eBay or other websites uh you can buy for $700 um something that looks like a walkie-talkie but like a big walkietalkie like this we can jam GPS for the entire area of Tera with one little device like this because again you know we know the spectrum of the GPS satellites and we can have you know destructive interference we’re sending out a wave that exactly destroys that particular signal and you’ll have no GPS in fact quantis Airlines just issued a warning just two days ago and they said we’re getting jamming when we’re near the PRC when we’re near China GPS jamming our flights with passengers on them have lost GPS due to jamming now why would China be jamming the GPS signal near The Straits of Taiwan any
[00:34:00] guesses okay I’ll leave it at that but the point is that MK uh the large Shipping Company reported the same thing that when their ships are coming into the port of Shanghai going various places they lose signal for portions of their Voyage this is a major issue because it’s so easy to jam so what are the Alternatives well you can do dead reckoning and that’s been used for hundreds of years but we know the drift involved in dead reckoning right you can get your astral out right if you can see some stars but what we realize is that we can be like the bird I just showed you before there’s a turn an Arctic turn a bird that travels 24,000 kilometers a year in its migratory pattern from the North Pole to the South Pole other birds of course we know very well migrating you know during different seasons whales using the magnetic field of the earth as well even even Turtles when those Turtles are born and they R running to the Sea they’re actually using magnetic
[00:35:00] gradient as well so Nature has figured out that you can use you can leverage the Earth magnetic field for direction for navigation birds have figured that out and maybe some evidence that some humans have a little magnetite left in our brains maybe some people can do it but most of us most of us cannot and and so um and so we rely upon GPS but now we have given humans that ability by having a diamond sensor the kind of diamond I just showed you before for the heart the same diamond and matching that now not with machine learning that looks for the heartbeat but machine learning that looks for The Unique fingerprint of the Earth’s magnetic field in every square meter of this Earth and this was a revelation to us as well when we blew me away yeah when we spoke Peter to the geophysicists and we brought them into to our team and we realized that actually I know there’s a lot of Geeks here everyone here is a geek otherwise you wouldn’t be here so so I’ll just let’s geek out for a second on geophysics and it turns out that yes we
[00:36:01] all learned in school about the liquid core there’s an in core ball of iron and around that is liquid molten iron little bit of nickel in there and that’s slashing around creating what’s called a geodynamo and that geodynamo is creating the core field of our Earth but in fact there’s another modification of that magnetic field as lava comes up and has come up for millions and hundreds of millions of years and then cools down the magnetite the Hem Ty the ferromagnetic materials in the mantle as it cools down modifies locally that core field and you now have a fingerprint a unique signature on that spot on earth so every square meter of the planet has a unique a unique magnetic signature that you could map and then use for navigation from then on correct correct and so right here this square meter that square meter every square meter on Earth you could navigate like a thousand meters underwater that’s correct so when you’re underwater you can’t navigate one
[00:37:02] of the reasons why the scientists were asking for our help down in Antarctica is because when they have their underwater drones the British Antarctic Survey bass as it’s called had two underwater drones at the cost of 2 million British pounds each both of them now are broken why are they broken now because they did dead reckoning and they couldn’t see where they’re going and they bumped into various walls and underwater seaw walls and they’re both broken right now giving the opportunity to have true absolute navigation not dead reckoning not inertial but absolute navigation underwater you can’t get GPS signal more than a meter underwater and so when you want to go deep more than a meter you’ve got to have some way of navigating and this now allows us to do that remember we said about magnetic field we said about bone and tissue it’s also true of the water we can detect that underwater so this becomes Peter and right now I’m happy to say that this device that we created is flying as we speak now on a test plane of one of the largest airplane manufacturers on the
[00:38:00] planet right now and um there’s actually a button I was very emotional moment for us was when they sent us a picture from this company and they eded a button on the dashboard of the plane on the avionics it’s a button called sandbox AQ when they flip that button up up comes a magnetic navigation and we’re not saying don’t use GPS of course have GPS but if it’s getting jammed if you lose that signal you can lose it for other reasons not not just in you better have some kind of global backup and it better be absolute navigation and finally we can Empower scientists as well with underwater navigation and allowing them to do the exploration and data collection that we all need to find out with amazing everybody I want to take a short break from our episode to talk about a company that’s very important to me and could actually save your life or the life of someone that you love company is called Fountain life and it’s a company I started years ago with Tony Robbins and a group of very talented Physicians you know most of us don’t
[00:39:00] actually know what’s going on inside our body we’re all Optimus until that day when you have a pain in your side you go to the physician or the emergency room and they say listen I’m sorry to tell you this but you have this stage three or four going on and you know it didn’t start that morning it probably was a problem that’s been going on for some time but because we never look we don’t find out so what we built at Fountain life was the world’s most advanced diagnostic Centers we have four across the us today and we’re building 20 around the world these centers give you a full body MRI a brain a brain vasculature an AI enabled coronary CT looking for soft plaque dexa scan a Grail blood cancer test a full executive blood workup it’s the most advanced workup you’ll ever receive 150 gab of data that then go to our AIS and our physic positions to find any disease at the very beginning when it’s solvable
[00:40:01] you’re going to find out eventually might as well find out when you can take action Fountain life also has an entire side of Therapeutics we look around the world for the most Advanced Therapeutics that can add 10 20 healthy years to your life and we provide them to you at our centers so if this is of interest to you please go and check it out go to fountainlife decomp when Tony and I wrote Our New York Times bestseller life force we had 30,000 people reached out to us for fountainlife memberships if you go to Fountain life.com back/ Peter will’ll put you to the top of the list really it’s something that is um for me one of the most important things I offer my entire family the CEOs of my companies my friends it’s a chance to really add decades onto our healthy lifespans go to fountainlife decom back / Peter it’s one of the most important things I can offer to you as one of my listeners all right
[00:41:01] let’s go back to our episode and this is probably just you know a fraction of the potential applications you haven’t thought about yet yeah there’s so many other applications but I think just sharing hopefully tonight the promise of where this is going and the fact that we’re doing this right now this is something that we invite folks who have ideas if you have an idea for what we can do with Quantum senses we’re open to you know brainstorming ideas that’s always been the philosophy at X prise always been our philosophy as well to partner with folks and think about new ways of helping the planet uh in this way so that’s in a nutshell Quantum sensing where do you want to go next yeah let Give It Up to Quantum sensing but I I just appreciate um again how these ideas didn’t even exist not too long ago right and what this is going to unlock I remember when Scott mad at International Space University one of the early uh geolocation Pioneers
[00:42:01] was showing me uh the idea of geoposition systems and little did I could imagine of Uber or Google Maps right all the applications will be born on top of these things that we can’t even imagine yet and this is Magic and ultimate cost of this is oh that’s the idea to democratize this we have to make sure that it’s very accessible if it’s once again a multi- multi-million dollar device like you see in hospitals we have failed yeah cool technology but not impact the the standard we hold ourselves to is the impact that we have and by making these devices room temperature and really small and portable low low power by the way to power one of these devices is a couple of D batteries um probably even maybe just four or five AAA matter but it’s really low power um we don’t even
[00:43:00] have to use lasers I showed an example there with lasers because it was easy to visualize but now actually we’ve converted to LEDs you know how cheap LEDs are so a green LED and then it comes out as red and we detect that so that’s really really easy but maybe Peter we should now turn for a few moments to Quantum security to cyber security because I know that’s on the minds of a lot of people protecting our data uh and then just a few moments on that and maybe then we talk about medicine and how we can really Revolution does that make sense yeah um so I mean we have had this buzz in this conversation year on year about is quantum Computing Quantum encryption or de encryption going to unlock all of our wallets uh should we be worried about that and the answer will eventually be yes but before then you have some solutions yeah this is a a serious topic that a lot of really good brains are
[00:44:01] working on right now around the world and we’re very privilege Peter to be collaborating with Incredible centers I I just came uh from Del uh in Amsterdam uh near Amsterdam where uh there’s a tremendous Center for Quantum information and and one underlying theme Peter I hope to share with everyone here tonight is that underlying all this stuff it sounds like okay we have quantum computers and Quantum sensors and Quantum security and what what is going on here underlying all this is quantum information science is qis and if we had a moment just like The Graduate the movie and we want to say one word to the Next Generation let’s say qis to the Next Generation I know it doesn’t roll off the tongue like Plastics but um it’s something that is fundamental to our world our world at a fundamental level is not the Newtonian world that we’re used to it’s not the billi ball world that we used to at a fundamental level it is a Quantum world and Quantum ultimately now that we’re
[00:45:00] the first human generation the first generation of people who can finally harness not just the world of bits and not just shaping furniture and stuff in the macro world but harnessing the ability to manipulate the atomic and Quantum world we are that first generation amazing and it’s no less than landing on the moon it’s no less than any one of those big breakthroughs that were both conceptual mental breakthroughs as well as the kind of Technology breakthroughs so let’s talk about security please for a minute so Peter as you said correctly quantum computers can do many many positive things in the world but one thing they also do we know from a 1994 paper from Peter Shaw a brilliant mathematician who’s now at MIT then was at Bell labs in New Jersey and a young researcher there he’s in his cubicle and he’s checking out various papers that are brewing in this new field field of quantum information and he realizes in Epiphany that this
[00:46:01] computer once built will break the encryption that we all use and already by that time in 1994 this encryption an example of that is RSA extra credit what does RSA stand for extra credit anyone here revest Shamir someone help him a a a a Adan yes good excellent so rir and Adelman three brilliant folks from the’ 70s and ’ 80s came up with this incredible public key encryption the ability for us to share information over this wild west of the internet without having to meet in secret before public key encryption what do we have to do we had to meet in a bunker and we had to say here’s our one-time pads we are spies in East Berlin and we’re going to share Peter our onetime pads on Monday we will use this key and you will use the same key Monday and then Tuesday we move to the next key and we call it a p we take off
[00:47:00] we tear off the pages of the pad and we use those I’ve seen this movie Yes Bridge of spies and um and what we found is obviously that that’s not scalable if you want to build a global economy such as we just did since the 70s and 80s that global economy was fueled by a number of things but one of the key drivers was public key encryption can you imagine if Jeff vizo set up an Inc company Amazon in the Seattle area and we had to all go take flights to Seattle every time we want to give him a credit card we had to go there drive there take planes there ride bikes there and say Jeff here’s my credit card we’re in secret I’m now giving you my credit card I will now go back home and wait for my package no that would not be scalable but instead because of RSA because of this encryption this asymmetric encryption why asymmetric Peter because my public key which I published over the internet and Amazon user um and now in this case I want to send them a credit card so I find their
[00:48:02] public key I encrypt my credit card with their with the Amazon public key of course I don’t have to consciously do this anymore the browser does this for us when you see that little lock that’s what it’s doing and it’s sending Amazon and with their private key a different key than the public key it is decrypting that so the whole basis of RSA is what we call a oneway trapdoor function a function that’s easy to go one way but very difficult to go back unless you have the trapo the private key and that’s been the basis of global Commerce without that we wouldn’t have the incredible economy that we have right now and so that standard started in 1978 and even right before that with um uh Diffy Helman and some precursors to that but basically late 70s early 80s we had that and here comes Peter Shaw a researcher Bell Labs 1994 writes a paper puts it out and first a few mathematicians read read it and then some cryptographers read it and then some security people read it then the government reads it and then others read
[00:49:01] it and everyone realizes oh my God this whole edifice we have just built one day will come crashing down and nobody knew at that time in ‘94 would it be possible to build these computers and so for many years it went by not really Gathering much attention until in the last number of years it became very clear that these seven ways of building a quantum computer that we just talked about were gaining tra people were announcing new engineering barriers being hurdled again and again here there everywhere all around the world and so it became clear we will build these computers and encryption will fall and that means that all of us in this room everyone on the planet will have to migrate over and here’s the good news it’s not often Peter we can point to a government program and say that worked but in this case we can because 6 years ago number of governments around the world came together and said whoa boy we better have a solution for this cuz this train is coming at us hard and
[00:50:02] so they got together made an open call transparent process and said Come All Ye who have an idea for a better protocol that would not be killed by quantum computers that was more or less the statement and and sure enough people came in and was 82 different ideas of how to have a protocol for securely transmitting information just the way we do right now but to do so that is not breakable by a quantum computer we call it quantum safe cryptography or postquantum cryptography pqc different words different jargon but means the same thing and in fact after three rounds of cing on July 5th this past year about eight nine months ago the global governments came together with us in the industry and the academics everyone said Kumbaya we have found it and so it actually the process actually worked we now have a standard that we all be using that is a different kind of encryption instead of the hardness of factoring large numbers
[00:51:00] that’s what RSA is based on having very large numbers as the public key and it’s very hard to go back the other way to find the two factors that we use to multiply them together to make this big number that would take billions of years on today’s computers but only a millisecond on the quantum computer instead of that regime we’re moving to something called lce Bas cryptography a format that is not subject to this kind of quantum attack and so and so we now have the pathway forward but now the real work begins this cannot happen overnight it’s not going to happen overnight in fact it’s going to take a number of years to happen but now we have a roadway a road map to make it happen I just put this slide up Peter just to show that when you look at Banks Banks have been in the news recently and among the other things not just the balance sheets and the number of bonds and the interest rate of the bonds and where the interest rate swaps and other things but also the it infrastructure because of the amalgamation of m&a that led to all these large Banks and we can say the same thing about Pharma and the m&a and Pharma and we can say the same
[00:52:01] thing about other Industries Telco as an example does anyone remember some of the early Telco players Bell Atlantic anyone Atlantic Nextel NX okay anyone okay so all these when they’re merged it looks good on paper lawyers get paid fantastic for them but who actually harmonizes the it back ends it often never happens and so what we find when we go in there with forensic tools we find old protocols protocols that are not just subject to Quantum attack protocols that have been broken and we can break it by an iPhone md5 sha 1 these are hashing protocols protocols used to store your passwords passwords that we don’t want out there and so we find this in banks around the world we find this in governments around the world we find this in hospitals around the world these are protocols that have been broken already and we need to go in there and I identify these vulnerabilities and then migrate them over to better standards so
[00:53:00] Quantum is a is a great Catalyst this is the positive news it’s a wonderful Catalyst for us to finally fulfill this obligation to secure our data every time you hear about a breach you say oh how did that breach happen how did a 100 million records and credit cards and Social Security numbers get out there it was probably the case that Not only was there a firewall issue but once they got in there that should have been encrypted it was not prop encrypted so there’s been a lot of focus on viruses and malware and ransomware and of course firewalls but we now need to pay attention to the nature of how we encrypt the information not just how we transmit information back and forth that’s one encryption called Data in motion but also how we store information data at rest and so this is an opportunity that’s how we see it of engaging with our world engaging with our our key data that we own that is our data our Healthcare data our banking information our personal data and so this is the moment now to
[00:54:01] relook at all that in the next 3 four years and we now need to reestablish the foundation so that we can continue to grow this economy otherwise the whole thing comes crashing down or we can all take trips to Seattle every time we want to buy something from Amazon so that in a nutshell is quantum security amazing man that in a nutshell is quantum security explained by a brilliant genius thanks um how far are we from quantum computers breaking today’s standard RSA inion um it’s a great question and I just want to put up this slide here so there’s a lot of efforts around the world to build quantum computers and it’s not exactly as if the business plans of these companies is hey a venture capitalist Peter uh I have a Quantum Computing idea we’re going to build a quantum computer and the reason we’re going to build it is to break the
[00:55:00] world’s cryptography that’s not necessarily the business plans that you see being pitched but the fact is that no matter why you’re building your quantum computer once it gets to a certain scale we will start seeing encryption fall and there’re also state sponsored efforts maybe adversarial that are building quantum computers and they’re open about it and they have thousands and thousands of Engineers and scientists on this and this is open information now on the internet and we look at that information and realize that there is no way to control it anymore the genie is out of the bottle this will be built because the prize the brass ring is simply too big too valuable the ability to have a computer that cracks everyone’s encryption is simply too valuable it will happen there is no regulation there is no way to stop it at this point and one of the reasons why we’re urgent around this now is this slide here sndl store now decrypt later because if I know Peter that one day I
[00:56:00] will have such a computer and I want to know the secrets of that company of that government of that individual I don’t wait until then what I do is I siphon off I don’t even have to break into your network I just say I know Peter uh lives in the LA area and I know that he’s probably on this ISP uh and so I’ll just go to a hop over here I’ll tap in and I’ll just start siphoning information and somewhere in there is Peter’s Communications and I’ll just make a copy just make a copy make a copy I can’t read it today because you’re using RSA or a similar encryption but I’ll just store it now I’ll store it now and then in a number of years I’ll have such a computer and I’ll decrypt it later and then when I decrypt it I say oh Peter FYI you owe me 5 million in ransomware because I have your data otherwise I’m going to release it oh you’re a Pharma company ah yes I have have all your molecular formulas that you’ve been transmitting to your factories I have everything I know you transmitted them securely at that time H
[00:57:02] but retroactively now and there’s probably a Hollywood script in here somewhere that retroactively none of it was Secure at all so so this is the concern we have now this is the concern that governments have this is why you hear various governments including our own in United States issue directive after directive in fact Congress passed a law on December 9th this past year and amazingly the Senate passed it unanimously does that happen every often no doesn’t unanimously 100 eyes said we approve this law that requires our federal government to move to the new standards because of the concern about sndo that law is now signed it’s now uh the law of the land and now the federal government is on the move to make this happen so the good news is that we have a response we have a road map but this is the concern the concern Peter is that over the next number of years these quantum computers will get bigger and
[00:58:00] bitter and more powerful and it’s not just little companies making them there are state sponsored adversaries who have intense moonshot Manhattan projects yes that are making these quantum computers and did we announce that we had broken Enigma back in World War II did we announce that to the world I don’t think we did so we may not know when somebody has this computer but it’s too late the companies have sent this all and they are so but we now have Quantum encryption yeah Quantum safe encryption that’s right and here’s the good news Peter that we don’t need a quantum computer in our hands to be safe against quantum computers we can do this encryption using your current cell phones using the current servers don’t throw out your machines but what’s the date uh before which all of that we we we know that that adversaries probably started siphoning data in in great levels probably around 3 years ago probably
[00:59:00] around 3 four years ago they started to siphon data but every day that goes by is another day and of course you know that the world’s and you’ve talked about this that the the growth of how much data we produce in medicine and othery areas you know and so this is the moment to start to start changing now because of sndl yeah and have the major tcom companies started doing that they’re starting right so if you have a VPN if anyone hears use VPN that P in VPN the private virtual private Network that P is currently secured by RSA or similar protocol so we have to upgrade the VPN we have to upgrade Telco all this ecosystem has to be upgraded it’s a huge amount of work and uh this is the work that has to be done collectively there’s no one company or individual who can make this happen this is a ecosystem that has got to come together and the good news I think Peter is that this is a moment to relook at all this encryption and say let’s batten down the hatches and let’s make sure we have deep
[01:00:01] security and privacy privacy is absolutely critical and to have privacy you need encryption so this is a moment I think for us to strengthen the entire infrastructure and take care of years of stuff we should have done because of all this m&a that went on tomorrow morning is our dive into longevity we have uh eight phenomenal longevities conversations and one of the things that we’ve been talking about is this decade is different than past decades in terms of our ability to begin to understand at a molecular cellular level why we age and how to manipulate that um super pumped about this we heard a presentation earlier from Alex zonov the CEO of ins silicon medicine and the work that he’s doing in in Global Drug discovery using generative adversarial networks um talk about this cuz this is something that you’re super passionate
[01:01:01] about and I am too so I think everyone here is familiar with the stats on this slide and one stat that people may not be familiar with is not only is there a 2third rate of failure in clinical trial I think most people know that what people may not know is that 40% um fail in phase three now phase three Peter we did phase one and that was our safety phase right we did phase two we showed some efficacy otherwise we wouldn’t get permission to go to a pivotal or to go to phase three and now we’re in phase three it’s a cherry on top it’s confirmatory we’re just here to say yes it works now in more than just 50 or 100 people we’re now at a few thousand people or more we just want to make sure yeah but we have a lot of good news coming in to phase three otherwise are we going to spend the $4500 million on a phase three no we would not and yet
[01:02:00] we do and so if somehow I said to you hey Peter and I have a new company Peter makes a company every week and I make a company once in a while but um let’s say we had a new company we had a new company that’s a construction company and the audience comes to us Peter and says build us a new hotel build us a new building we have a construction company but we say hey audience sorry when Peter and I build this this this hotel for you there’s a 2third chance it will fall down in the first 30 days that would not be a very promising startup that we have but in fact this is what we accept in the biofarma industry this is what we live with and I started my life helping to run clinical trials at NIH and this is what we live with then and this is what we have now we have not materially improved the situation in decade after decade after decade we have a lot of new tools we’ve talked about this talked about that tool this tool but in point
[01:03:00] of fact net net any guesses on average per year how many new drugs are approved by the FDA any guesses I’ll start the bidding at 10 new drugs 38 50 100 10,000 no 10 so this is a very Savvy audience yes about 48 49 about 50 drugs and of those more than half are me too drugs more than half are hey Peter we’re on the board of a great drug company I think we need a new Staten on the market yeah there’s only 17 of them and so I think you and I should make a new St we should modify one of the current STS patent it we should make a new St shouldn’t we a billion dollars a year Revenue why not and so why don’t we see the breakthroughs why don’t we see it what’s happening why don’t we see more effort go into pancreatic cancer into very
[01:04:01] difficult cancers it’s very risky it’s very very risky how do we change the game here in silico medicine is one of the companies changing the game we need a set of tools that completely transform the way we think about going from molecule to medicine this is not working right now be it for small molecule or for biologic for proteins or small mole de it it is not working and so how do we change this game and people have heard about digital Twins and so what we realize is we needed to put together a team Peter that had the expertise had the knowledge of how things are done now but also had the knowledge of AI and Quantum have the knowledge to say we now need to take an AI and Quantum approach a physics-based approach that is driven by AI initially but the last mile must be Quantum why because when one mile molecule meets another molecule here’s an example I have right here and so here in this case Kuda is a synthetic antibody that you
[01:05:02] see right in the middle of the diagram here it’s an antibody not made by the body but an antibody made synthetically to plug up that receptor that pd1 receptor that you see right there we want to plug that hole we do not want the tumor to insert the liand into that receptor because if if that tumor inserts that liand into that receptor like a lock and key what does it do to that te- cell what does it do what can tumors do to te cells te- cells are there for the fight they’ve come to the fight they’re here to do what our immune systems want to do to destroy pathogens and in this case it’s a different kind of pathogen right it’s not a bacterium it’s not a virus this is something that was a human cell and so it has a lock and key to turn off the t- cell to put it into sleep mode for enough time for the tumor to grow out of control and that helps us understand why the conundrum of why our immune system has not been more powerful
[01:06:02] in helping us take care of cancer we know it’s doing a pretty good job we know the stats that when people are taking immune supressive drugs Peter as you will know as a physician for having say a transplant of an organ in the two years following that period in that period where they need to take immunosuppressive drugs their rate of cancer goes way up so we know that when the immune system is there it is pretty ACC it is helpful but in all too many cases the cancer is able to run away and to evade and this is one of the methods it uses that blue and that red Spike allow it to go into that receptor and turn off the te- cells that came to the fight and so K truda from MK and Other Drugs like this do a great job of plugging out that hole and saying no we won’t let that happen but unfortunately this drug does not work for everyone and not for every Cancer so we need to experiment and make new drugs that work for more people more cohorts of folks for melanoma where this was first approved it works for about
[01:07:00] 32% of the melanoma patients it helps them but in about two-thirds of cases the cancer after a while of remission progresses and so when molecules meet molecules what language do they speak they speak Quantum and so while AI based AI driven drug Discovery has been very helpful to us and in terms of taking a landscape Peter of 600 million say potential compounds and narrowing it down to say a few thousand now that we have a few thousand we must ask the next question when that not just molecule but now let’s drill down further when we have the atom on the edge of the molecule and on the edge of that atom we have an electron and that electron meets another electron does it bind together do they meet do they bind and with what binding affinity and with what characteristics and what’s the confirmation and what’s the shape and so on so forth all these are quantum characteristics and now we’re the first again generation right here in this room
[01:08:00] and around the planet that can Now understand this Quantum language now you might say how about the quantum computers I thought we needed a quantum computer to make this happen and what we realized and others realized around both academic and and Industry circles is that the gpus were getting so good these same gpus that have led to chat GPT 3 and then four and soon to come six and seven those same gpus that initially started as what what’s the g& GPU graphical Graphics they started for better video games so every time a teenager is playing video games thank that teenager because that teenager is saving our butts that teenager is responsible for the rise of the GPU which initially was not made for AI was not made for Quantum simulation but once we in the AI Community realized that the Matrix algebra matrices time matrices Matrix time a vector this Matrix algebra that was inherent in how we can have
[01:09:01] better video game rendering we can hijack that for representing neural networks neural networks can be represented as an image coming in as a vector and we can multiply by The Matrix of Weights in our neural network and our multi-layer Network that is the same mathematics in the firmware of an Nvidia chip of an Intel chip of a Tesla D1 chip a great GPU that Tesla uses Amazon has one alphabet has one many companies and what we saw five six years ago is that the GPU wars were growing so rapidly that we would get a GPU that Not only was great for graphics for video games and Not only was great for AI leading to the GPT Revolution we see now but what we surmised 5 years ago within our team was that by 20121 2022 we would have gpus capable of doing a Quantum simulation aming of simulating this interaction and we published various just years ago and
[01:10:00] the first time in the world’s record for doing that Quantum chemical simulation showing hundreds of thousands of electrons meeting hundreds of thousands other electrons in like a speed dating and allowing them to allowing us to understand what that interaction would be so this Peter is what is now possible and this is already impacting the folks the biofarm we’re working with in terms of neurod Deen diseases that’s the first one we’re tackling right now Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s we’ve had 35 years of failure in neuroen 35 years and we need these kind of breakthroughs we all know in this room how much we need these breakthroughs but we’re not going to get it unless we bring all the tools to the table and now the combination of both Ai and Quantum finally coming together to say let’s down select from the large numbers that we have out there and use generative AI as well to offer up new ideas but then
[01:11:02] test them through the funnel of quantum interaction to say let’s drisk this molecule Peter before we go to animal before we go to human let’s walk into the clinical trial with a much better chance than 2third failure everybody I want to take a quick break from our episode tell you about a health product that I love and that I use every day in fact I use it twice a day it’s called seed Health now your microbiome and gut health are one of the most important and modifiable parts of your health plan your gut microbiome is connected to your brain health your cardiac health your metabolic health so the question is what are you doing to optimize your gut let me take a second to tell you what I’m doing every day I take two capsules of seeds daily symbiotic it’s a two-in-one probiotic and Prebiotic formulation that supports Digestive Health gut health skin health heart health and more it contains 24 clinically studied and scientifically backed probiotic strains that are delivered in a patented capsule
[01:12:02] that actually protects it from the stomach acid and ensures that all of it reaches your colon alive with 100% survivability now if you want to try seeds daily symbiotic for yourself you can get a 25% off your first month supply by using the code moonshots at checkout just go to c.com back/ moonshots and enter the code moonshots at checkout that’s seeds.com back/ moonshots and use the code moonshots to get 25% off your first month of seed’s daily symbiotic trust me your gut will thank you all right let’s get back to our episode so what do you think in terms of price reduction and speed increase well great question I I think if we let me go back here if we look at these super depressing numbers the average right now is $2 billion to get molecule to Medicine the average is 13 years to get molecule to medicine and so we need to bring this down to you know under a
[01:13:02] billion dollars certainly we’re hoping for $4500 million instead of $2 billion so a 70 plus perc cut in cost we’re hoping for a dramatic decrease in the number of years the majority of those 13 years are not the clinical trials the FDA and other regulatory bodies have actually done a pretty good job in the last number of years recognizing the cries of the families the cries of the patients the cries of the clinicians they’ve said we’re going to accelerate if you have a breakthrough that we can accelerate let’s do that if we can go with a pivotal phase two and not even go to a phase three let’s do that and look what happened also in terms of even during the vacine uh era a fast acceleration of approval as well so what we see is that we’ve actually compressed the time of clinical trial from 78 years we can now get that done in about 3 to 4 years in some cases if it has an orphan disease or various other kinds of breakthrough status so that’s not the issue anymore we still need those human trials it’s the 89 10 years of pre-trial
[01:14:04] work pre-clinical work that we need to really compress down so that’s what we need to impact right now that’s where we need Partners that’s where we need collaboration to make this happen and this is take me a decade forward here of the potential yeah in terms of understanding I mean the complexity of the immune system the complexity of even the intracellular uh mechanisms and intracellular mechanisms Communications is massive we understand a fraction is this going to give us uh I mean we are quantum systems on a on fundamental Lev yes um is how much will we unlock as we begin to dive through with these tools um is this where you expect to see the majority of the breakthroughs a decade out from now I think it’s the the human body continues to surprise us the
[01:15:01] cellular Pathways continue to surprise us if you’ve ever seen a complex Subway chart of the metro in Paris or New York City um imagine that times 10 if you want to look at cellular Pathways and and 100 right yeah so you know uh all these different cellular Pathways so we keep getting surprised every time we think oh yeah we’ve got that down nail down something else pops up in in Neuroscience in particular we’re still at a very early phase of understanding we we know so little in terms of Neuroscience we keep getting shocked by new discoveries um basically the rule I have is that if I go back to my Neuroscience textbooks uh I was I had the privilege of being taught by Eric kandell who later won the Nobel Prize uh because of the work I did no no joking um um nothing to do with me at all uh Eric Kendell was was incredible Mentor uh for me and also his bow ties are incredible too and uh I go back to neurologist yeah I go back to that
[01:16:01] textbook and um you know it gets thicker and thicker as the additions go but every time you go back to a textbook and read a word read a phrase Peter that says never this never happens this always happens that’s when you know a breakthrough will happen because when we learned in our early textbooks that the brain never creates new neurons after a certain age well guess what that fell down right as a never and so we keep getting shocked and surprised so what I would say is let’s take a a humility uh approach a humble approach to the body and to the biology and let’s say that let’s go step by step in understanding the systems and the body is an incredible system we know the tremendous healing power that the body has when you let it use its systems and that’s why immunotherapy what I was showing before with K truda that is not chemotherapy it’s not there to in a toxic matter break down and and um kill off so many cells but it’s there to help
[01:17:01] your te- cell keep fighting right in a natural way that is the kind of therapies I hope we can bring out but we need a deeper understanding when we get to the quantum level of understanding this interaction of molecule to molecule we’re just again at the precipice as Newton said I’m just at the tip of the ocean uh as the waves just come in I’ve had the opportunity to play with a few Pebbles and rocks on this wonderful Beach and and this is how we feel right now we’re just at the beginning of this ball game I’d love to go to some of your questions please head on up okay Steve you are fast my friend uh Steve Brown what do you got for Jack here so you talked a lot about the physical layer of quantum Technologies and that’s where it feels like all the action is right now and I’m curious in what way should we be starting to reimagine the software models based on Quantum information
[01:18:00] theory for example an undecided voter is like in a superp position of two states probably entangled with other people probably in a contextual field nudging one way or another it sounds a lot like the same kind of mathematics that you’re using for Quantum information science and I’m curious when we start to reimagine the software side of this based on Quantum information Theory and you marry that with the quantum Technologies like what do you see in that combination and what should we be be reimagining on the other side of this thank you Steve great profound question so Claude Shannon famous for information Theory also at Bell Labs years before Peter Shore of course and um his papers founded the field of information theory that the the the field that we needed to establish computer science information science and then a number of years later others came after him and quantize that
[01:19:01] information Theory and and Claude Shannon as you remember was working for a Telco working for Bell labs and his task given to him by his manager was help us understand the communication of information over a noisy Channel and so he did that and he did that brilliantly but now we understand that information is much more fundamental one of the best processes of information is not on this earth right now it’s not a GPU it’s not a TPU it’s not an ipu it’s not a Quantum processor well it is a Quantum processor but not the ones we’re making here it’s a black hole a black hole what we understand of black hole in physics now we see it as the most efficient processor of information that we have in our universe and so we now reimagined black hole physics in this informational sense so I just want to relate that because that’s how profound Steve’s question is this is a deep deep question that goes to the heart of our new understanding of
[01:20:02] our physical universe that at the fundamental layer we have an informational driven layer that drives and helps us understand the context of everything from a black hole to a quantum computer on this planet to our own biology and so coming back now to your to your question yes a lot of companies are Focus on the physics of building these quantum computers I alluded to the fact that we chose not to do that and one of the reasons is because of your question that while those folks are doing God’s work to build these quantum computers and we’re encouraging them to do that others of us including ourselves need to start focusing on the information layer the software layer and one of the things I love about the GPT Revolution is that finally we can start getting really good code in a more scalable way without artisanal coding I call today’s coding artisanal because Peter in five or six years when I say to you hey next Saturday I’ll be doing some coding what you’ll know is that I’m doing that in
[01:21:01] the same way if I told you today I’m riding a horse I’m not riding a horse because I need to get somewhere I’m riding a horse in a nostalgic artisanal way and so coding will become that way as well and this is the opportunity now where we need to create meshed code hybrid code code that is a a you know series of lines of of information and part of that code runs on a GPU part of it runs on a CPU and part of it runs on a qpu on a Quantum processing unit and this code should be smart code I don’t want to have to put in Brackets Hello computer please run this next code on the quantum computer it needs to know that so we can think of a quantum computer now in a new way as a sub routine to our main code because quantum computers are not good at everything please don’t run an Excel spreadsheet on a quantum computer please don’t you’ll not have a speed up you’ll have a slow down and so but there’s certain things that quantum computers do extremely well
[01:22:01] and they leverage the physics of these Quantum systems to do that these are not transistors they’re not just representing ones and zeros they’re doing something physically and one of the exciting things now about quantum computers is we’re starting to use them in education and we haven’t talked about education yet which I like to get to at some point after some questions but now in our physics courses when we teach students we don’t just say oh something could be in a superposition one of the concepts Steve that you mentioned it could be in some combination of state 0o and one we ask the students to take this code that we give them or they write themselves and run it and make a real superposition on this planet right now in a say five or 10 Cubit machine that’s real that’s not modeling it that is a real physical system in a state of real superos before us students can never do that we never had the ability before this generation to actually have students do that so back to now your fundamental question even as we build the physical devices we are giving more and more thought to how do we program
[01:23:02] these devices how do we mesh these devices into the larger context because a quantum computer has no hard drive it has no screen it has no keyboard it has no compiler it has no memory it has nothing except the ability to do these incredible things and then return back in information a piece of classical information back to you the GPU and so that kind of AR Ure needs new kind of software Architects and so I’m sure it was said here in the AI panel yesterday that it’s not so much that AI might replace all of us it’s that we need to now adapt and use these AI tools so that we are not replaced by others who know how to use this AI tools and the same thing now could be said in Quantum we need to make sure that students today that we ourselves upleveling upskilling ourselves none of us in this room have to know how to code we need to know what the computer is capable of and how to architect a Quantum system into the system that we are designing thank you Steve for that question amazing C let’s go you
[01:24:00] next thank you my name is Kurt Max M haling from Australia I’ve got a question about your sensor and I don’t know if many people know but to get to net Zer 2040 2050 we need four times more Metals than we mine and recycle today and six times more by 2050 like you know 16 times more metals to build an offshore Wind Farm than uh gas fired power plant for the same scale and one of the challenges Metals for Batteries things like that you’re talking about batteries steel like something that even if you build a new material you need millions of tons of this material to build those things and to find these resources very hard so about 20 years ago Falcon magnetometer flly very hard to find it so is your sensor capable because given the sensitivity to detect more and find more of these resources so we we we pick better places to mine is is the question yeah well great question and I’ll you brought in that question Beyond just um sensing for mining but also sensing in general for on a geophysical scale so imagine you wanted
[01:25:02] to know underneath the Earth what the densities of the materials are underneath the place on Earth that you’re hovering over maybe you have something called a balloon that you’re hovering over a piece of land and you want to know is there a different density that might house a certain thing called a missile underneath that thing if you wanted to do that or you might be looking for mining for Metals in your case and so if you wanted to do these things you can then use this kind of quantum sensor and it would be advantageous to use that Quantum sensor at different altitudes and so that’s one reason why we think about these different platforms of passing sensors over different parts of the earth and also of course underwater you’d want to know what the composition was of the mantle underneath right the crust underneath that sea that ocean to
[01:26:00] understand what’s there as well and so these sensors do give you not just uh you know through the magnetometry and then through adaptations bringing it to gra gravimetry you can actually detect what the density of the materials are in different spots just like we talked about how every spot on earth has a different magnetic fingerprint every spot on earth has a different density fingerprint as well and so this is absolutely possible more work needs to be engineered in terms of the harness or the capabilities that you might want to put around it but certainly uh what you’d want to do is adapt the same sensors we talked about here adapt the GPU chip that goes on board and then just train the machine learning models instead of looking for the heartbeat like we talked about instead of looking uh for a navigation signals you’re now looking for a different signal and that’s the beauty of machine learning that we can adapt to that new context and so absolutely um already there’s been a number of papers going around in terms of detection of what’s going on
[01:27:01] underneath the Earth again for various reasons not just mining though thank you amazing Jared what’s good to you hi thank you so much for all you do both of you um so I have 5-year-old twins with spinal muscular atrophy which is kind of like ALS and children and uh though there have been some amazing breakthrough drugs just recently in the last few years anyone like my children uh who did not uh get that treatment really early on like in the first few weeks of Life a lot of neuron damage has occurred and there’s a huge need there in in all neurogenerative diseases for neuron regeneration and drugs or methods that would do that I have a healthcare doctorate but I’m not a a research scientist I don’t have a lab or you know I’m not an AI expert and I’ve made some really exciting connection ctions here and have some ideas about how I’ll move forward but I wanted to ask you what would you do if you were in my shoes how would you move forward to to help your
[01:28:00] children and others like them for neuron regeneration you want to start and um you know we’re going to have a few presentations tomorrow uh morning um it’s really uh we have two presentations tomorrow um uh one on a company that’s basically in theen medicine side of the equation from a uh uh stem cell exudate basis of how do you actually get these going another one uh which is based on technology out of toughs that is regenerating Limbs and I think the question becomes does the body have the ability to regenerate complex systems because you’re not just regenerating the muscle but it’s the nerves and the connections there is the information for that early embryogenesis still there and can it be reactivated so there’s a company called pharmaceutic uh
[01:29:02] morphal um uh and Michael Hufford the CEO acting CEO will be here to speak to that I don’t know if Michael’s in the room tonight by any chance uh I would start with with him um and we’ll have those conversations more tomorrow do you have anything you want to add there I just want to add that again I I would have a lot of Hope there there is this is a difficult pathway uh in in the foundation we set up we help a lot of different families with very difficult uh chronic illnesses and so we’ve seen a lot over the years I would say where we are in Neuroscience to to Peter’s point is that you know when we think about the ability for neurogenesis the ability to go back to the state that we were when we were creating lots of neurons and neurons were following a gradient and finding their place within the wiring uh both in the brain and then the rest of the nervous system um there’s a delicate balance because obviously we don’t want to revert everything back and then go into an explosive fetal growth
[01:30:01] phase but we’re getting better at understanding this balance we’re not there yet right those those tools are not there today our hope is that by modeling this with better tools we can create this digital twin that allows us to understand those processes so what I would say is that it’s about collaboration where I’ve seen this work it’s collaboration it’s patient advocacy it’s associations it’s getting the dollars but not just the dollars lots of dollars have gone to lots of things that have not borne fruit it’s it’s connecting with a community like this and I’ve always been very positively encouraged every time that Peter holds a visioneering every time he holds it a gathering like this I Come Away super pumped up because this is a crowd this is a group that says yes when everyone says no yeah I I do I think I think having that that point is really important um having the entrepreneurs mindset of saying I refuse to just let
[01:31:01] it be and to take it on right uh we’ve had Martine rothblat speak here before who you know uh her daughter was dying from a lethal disease and she started with a high school textbook and found a medicine to treat her daughter Jen and then said well this medicine is going to keep her alive now I have to go and actually learn how to regrow lungs because the only cure is a lung transplant and she’s been building uh her company and building basically a an abundant supply of organs um Hans are you in the room Hans Christine here kste said Hans is uh the CEO of immunis and he’ll be speaking tomorrow morning as as well we’ve connected what that we’ve connected you have connected okay fantastic yeah um the tools to
[01:32:00] understand and begin to take our lives and our health in our own hands are finally coming of age at an atomic a molecular genomic level uh and so uh the only time it becomes impossible is when you give up right thank you thank you for your question hey everybody this is Peter a quick break from the episode you know I’m a firm believer that science and technology and how entrepreneurs can change the world is the only real news out there worth consuming I don’t watch the crisis News Network I call CNN or Fox and hear every devastating piece of news on the planet I spend my time training my neural net the way I see the World by looking at the incredible breakthroughs in science and technology how entrepreneurs are solving the world’s Grand Challenge is what the breakthroughs are in longevity how exponential Technologies are Transforming Our World so twice a week I
[01:33:00] put out a Blog one blog is looking at the future of longevity age reversal biotech increasing your health span the other blog looks at exponential Technologies AI 3D printing synthetic biology AR VR blockchain these Technologies are transforming what you as an entrepreneur can do if this is the kind of news you want to learn about and shape your neural Nets with go to demand.com back/ blog and learn more now back to the episode all right uh first one yeah um thank you so much for a beautiful evening and the energy is amazing so thank you for that um I just want to come back to what you were presenting uh with uh you know imun onology and the checkpoint Inhibitors and you were talking about reduc the time to develop those things which I think are important no question about it but to my knowledge also um you know a
[01:34:00] number of them have been developed and each time the cancer cells found a way around it right so it’s not just a question of blocking pdl2 pdl1 with gudes it’s you know iterative and that takes you know even if you reduce the time for development it’s going to take decades before we out you know um outsmart the tumor so my my question to you and I think um you know uh Peter hinted to that is can we use the tools of you know you have developed today the superp power tools to perhaps not understand fully the biology of the tumor itself the cellular tumor it’s so complex but at least get a hint of what’s going to be the next thing to hit the you know the immune system in this case uh you know with another type of checkpoint Inhibitors or what have you or maybe even start thinking about different mechan ISM of action rather than trying to counter you know the uh this molecule trying to I know that there’s some technology are being developed around that but you know UNC
[01:35:01] carving more and more of the mechanisms where you can attack you know the uh production of pdr2 n pdl1 inside the tumor itself through new mechanism and so using this amazing power of computing power to really understand better the tumor at the molecular level so not to understand everything but the key element that allowed it to escape and allowed it to survive synthetic killing you know synthetic lethal as you know your often time if you have hit two different Pathways the tumor cannot handle that can we use those tools to really uncover that faster that allow us to develop tools that are a bit more effective so thank you Fran so just to hit one key point on that right away because you’re absolutely correct part of what we know about cancer as we delve more and more into it as a society is that we also have to look at the cont of the cancer correct so an example is not only the micro tumor environment but also for example the microbiome a naen is here with viome and and other people
[01:36:00] here are involved in the microbiome microbiome now there’s several papers that have come out over the Last 5 Years indicating that that’s one of the modulators of the response of a human to checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy that the reason why we have a third of people doing really well in melanoma on checkpoint Inhibitors and then 2/3 not doing so well in terms of Dural response after a year is partly one reason again it’s never one Silver Bullet but one reason could be the microbiome and so it’s very important for us to delve into that microbiome has not traditionally been part right of standard standard of care right and so as it becomes more mainstream more and more places now will incorporate that into an integrative way of understanding cancer that becomes another tool on the tool chest so what we find with cancer and the reason why it’s so elusive is we we love to say that it’s just one mechanism and just looking at this one narrow thing and that’s the way to get your PhD and your postto and so on so forth but unfortunately that’s not what cancer
[01:37:00] cares about they don’t care about your PhD what they care what cancer wants to do is it wants to survive it’s its own organism it now wants to move and survive and so it will do anything to do that and so looking at that larger context that’s where we’ve had now some more luck in looking at that larger context so I agree with your your premise and and that’s why these tools that can model much more High dimensional kind of systems are so critical I want to make sure we get to more people though so thank you very much for I would like to uh we have five questions standing I like to do them quickly so we can wrap and let people um I want to end on education though I want to make sure we get Ed we we’ll do that Mike yes I’m does your diamond sensor sense the direction as well as the magnitude the magnetic fields great question yeah so it is a vectorized sensor it’s a great question and we didn’t have time to go into it today but in the heart for example why would you want to know Direction and not just the picture well blood flow for example obviously you’d want to see the direction of that blood
[01:38:01] flow to start looking at the health of not just the overall heart picture but the valves and looking at is the is the blood pumping in this way and the different chambers of the heart all that is because it has a vector it’s a vectorize sensor not just the magnitude so you’re absolutely hitting on the key Point again with EKG uh and other kinds of sensors we don’t have that kind of vectorization so we can’t see it and so that’s part of why uh Cleveland Clinic and all these places are excited about and have been using this technology a long time but now it’s time to take vectorized cardiac you know Diagnostics out to the masses great Point thank you Annie uh thanks so much I wish that I had a teacher like you when I was taking Material Science enging um quick question there are so many challenges that you can choose to just dive into at this point how are you choosing the use cases and the challenges because I can’t even imagine how you’re doing that and then number two I I used to work at janch do you see Quantum solutions to
[01:39:02] planting animal testing eventually yeah so on the F great questions on the first question how do we choose you’re right it’s a tough thing because Quantum sensors alone just one part of what we do there’s so many applications and uh one of the Kirk before you know asked the question about using it a totally different way which again is very very exciting we’ve chosen to focus on Cardiac Care and navigation to start with um we we’ve chosen to say if people want to partner with us we’re happy to partner with them to look at other applications we can’t do everything there’s just no way we can do that but we can offer some fundamental Stacks that other people can then use I’m a fundamental believer and Peter and I have talked about this over the years of making sure that we can get the core stack technology out on a licensing basis to lots of academic and lots of startups out there and let Evolution take its course yes exactly and so one thing we’re doing we’re actually now investing in young startups right so if folks have ideas or if there’s Venture
[01:40:01] Capital folks in the room we like to co-invest with startups alongside them and say hey let’s invest in this startup and maybe they can use this technology in a totally new way I think that the old you know B School of the 1980s thinking is you know this company must do this and must focus on this and then keep your all IP in the big moat and things like that I I think we’ve now seen you know that there’s a different way of doing things Elon famously gave away the patents opened up the patents to the Tesla because he wanted to see more people out there I think that is the way to go the way to go is to to publish out to you know we we publish as many papers as we can to show people what we’re doing um we we are offering up the stack out there so people can license it and run with it and we’ll even give them money you know to invest in them and and and run with them so so that’s in a sense of what the best way um you know to go with that to go with that is yeah thank you Annie all right Nora hi um in the image where you showed
[01:41:04] the noise uh for uh what is the reason why you couldn’t just take like a baseline read without a human in the room of what the noise was like with the elevators and then take a second one and delete it from and or triangulate with three yeah no great question so one of the reasons is yeah for certainly you’d want to take a baseline reading and you want to get a sense of the noise in the room and we do try to do that but even the human body has offers a lot of noise that’s part of the issue one of the things that’s producing magnetic fields is also our brain it’s a very weak magnetic field but it is a magnetic field as well and so and the other humans in the room also you know could also be be offering up new noise as well so there’s a lot of noise factors there so we have to have you know better and better machine learning tools to really understand here’s the good news though because the heart has this pattern to it right where it’s beating X number of
[01:42:01] times a minute it it’s we have a way to Anchor ourselves into ground truth right um it would be much more difficult if the heart were this chaotic kind of ball game that we couldn’t you know understand at all but in fact we can understand the regular heartbeat and that actually allows us to go into um chaotic fibrillation as well understand that because once we lock on to the signal now then the ml algo is like that’s my signal I’m going for that and thank God again these gpus when you have a device like this you cannot be going to the cloud and sending processing to the cloud both for privacy reasons and latency reasons you need to do everything on board and again five six years ago these gpus were not powerful enough to do that but today we can do that thank you okay anua um D you as you mentioned this is one of the most powerful technologies that will transform our world and uh how can we make sure that this is not locked
[01:43:00] up in certain countries or certain large corporation and it’s truly democratized and every person in every part of this world can get access to it and innovate with it and take advantage of it well this is what Peter and I we didn’t get to this topic but Peter and I wanted to talk about the growing Quantum divide I think all of us in this room were at the point when years ago we remember the launch of efforts to attack the digital divide right where digital divide is if you don’t have a cell phone starting 20 years ago and then starting 10 years ago with all the rise of the smartphones and all the services you can get you were blocked off from health education you’re blocked off from Financial Services you’re blocked off from e-commerce and selling your wares onto Etsy and you know lots of places around the world you’re blocked off from taking loans I served on Boards of micro Finance banks for 10 years and the rise of the smartphone was a critical tool for us us to get to people and to engage with them with their loans and give them Financial education so they can actually build their businesses with the loans that we were giving them but all that was cut
[01:44:01] off from you if you were in the billions of humans who did not have access to that and now 20 years later finally at the rate of about 250 million people a quarter right now people are joining the internet for the first time right now and so we’re we’re now squeezing that digital divide down but as that is happening we’ve opened up unfortunately a Quantum divide a divide where there’s about 20 countries in the world that have National blueprints Australia uh is one of them with Incredible Quantum science in Australia unw and many universities there us UK Canada so and so forth but 170 countries do not have Quantum programs and we are very very concerned because those Have Nots will then have to pay rent to the halves in terms of the medicines the battery chemistry the material science the the quantum sensors for medical Diagnostics the quantum sensors for navigation all this the Have Nots will have to then find from the halves that is a problem
[01:45:00] and so what fundamentally it comes to is the topic that Peter and I wanted to focus on which is the educational topic the good news is we don’t need a 100,000 people per country to know Quantum you need literally just a few thousand people in each country to know this and the question is how can we do this we have a a new initiative with the world economic for many others as well not just us it’s a global issue and we want to nip this one in the bud way before we did the digital divide I would say I failed in the digital divide just to take personal responsibility that I tried I worked on it and I did not make much of a difference at all in the digital divide I went to many many countries where we were doing micro Finance Banking and and we tried to get programs going and we worked with you know gramine bank and others and great efforts But ultimately we didn’t have much of a difference we didn’t make much of a difference and uh one of the things that animates me now about this is my failure in digital
[01:46:00] divide and I hope we can do a better job here amazing all right guys last one standing here all right thank you very much Max Million yes please you mentioned early on uh that the climate change issue is I mean you had the Epiphany and it seems to me that that’s a very important use case for your tools and I would like to ask you whether you could elaborate a little bit on that what is it we’re talking about are we talking simulations to decarbonize the economy or yeah let me just briefly touch I want want to thank shiv kempka who might be here tonight who came with us on the Antarctica trip and and had great contributions on that trip as well but uh what we realize is that using these tools number one we need to get Beyond just lithium ion on in terms of battery chemistry if we want to scale battery chemistry not just for electric vehicles which is critical but also for stationary the larger impact is stationary batteries right to store not
[01:47:01] just solar and wind but even whatever electrons you have by getting them at night and off peak and storing them in a building like this and then using them by day that Arbitrage right allows us to shave the peak and to have better more efficient use of whatever electrons we’re making this battery chemistry there’s many proposals out there in the academic literature zinc air aluminum different uh ideas of Material Science for the anode the cathode the electrolyte the membrane all this kind of stuff but this needs Quantum simulation we need to do the billions and billions of combinatorial runaway in terms of making that new chemistry happen again just like clinical trials if we physically build each one of these batteries we’ll never get there and that’s why we’re still stuck with the current uh you know there’s no Moors law when it comes to battery chemistry right this eo’s law anyone know what eo’s law is eo’s law is Mor’s law backwards um and so okay it’s slowly getting out there okay um and and so we haven’t seen mors
[01:48:03] law in terms of battery chemistry in terms of the density power density energy density any way you want to cut it we now need to use these tools and and look at and model billions of combinations of chemistry so that we can have the breakthroughs not instead of lithium ion we’ll use lithium ion but alongside that we need specific chemistries for other use cases so that’s an issue for climate change parav skites do anyone know perovskites any ideas are used for we’ve talked about Prov skite here good so perov skites for solar we’re still styed by critical issues of stability after just six or 12 months sometimes these things are breaking down we need to do the combinatorial billions of simulations to get perovskites more stable as an example and get the lead out and cadmium out so and so forth and that’s what we need to do so for climate change that’s one thing and then of course for the data of actually what’s happening to our planet we down in Antarctica just dropped a Quantum sensor off the side of the boat towed it with us and did
[01:49:02] magnetic readings underneath the Southern Ocean uh in the Southern Ocean so that we can do better ROV better underwater drones so we can take better measurements of how the sea is changing and so this is all part of a more advanced climate science that we can get to you know um thank you thank you Jack you’re amazing thanks um let’s give it up for this man uh you know I write books for popular consumption he writes this Quantum Computing and applied approach I’m flipping this is a beach read Peter and and this is giving this is giving going to give me for these people in this room it’s a beach read I think this is like this is bringing me back to uh we have a sophisticated audience bringing me back to my my my quantum physics and and uh and complex calculus classes that um were not a cakewalk for me as they were for you uh buddy thank you uh are you
[01:50:01] able to stick around for folks to spend a few more minutes with you yeah um we do have to fly out uh tonight but Peter I just want to thank you for bringing this incredible group together um all of you in this room I I just I I think it’s very clear I’m sure you’ve now been spending two and a half days with Peter and the ideas um every time that Peter and I collaborate I Come Away inspired energized and I’m sure I can speak of everyone here that that you have that same um it’s guys let’s give it up for Jack [Music] hit